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TURKEY: A MODERN HISTORY BY ERIK-JAN ZÜRCHER
Author: Erik Jan Zürcher Professor Erik-Jan Zürcher (1953-) is the Academic Director and Professor of Area Studies in Leiden University. Zürcher was awarded his MA in Middle East Studies at Leiden University in 1977 and
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THE BIRTH OF PAN-TURKISM
Pan-Turkism can be defined as a movement that emerged in 1880s among the Turkic intellectuals of the Russian Empire and Ottoman Empire, with the aim of cultural and political unification of all Turkic peoples.[1]
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